This project accomplished: estimation and verification of mobile source emissions for year 2009; establishment and implementation of the quantity control scheme; development of the control strategies; review of the mobile source management and implementation status of states for year 2010, and the audit of cantonal dynamometer testing facilities for year 2010. The details of the accomplishments are as below: In 2009, the majority of PM10 and NOx emissions were from the heavy duty diesel engines; while the 4-stroke-engine motorcycles and gasoline sedans contributed more NMHC and CO emissions. The mobile source emissions have been decreasing by year. Testing vehicles with the portable emission measurement system (PEMS) which identified the actual emissions, showed much lower emissions than the estimated emissions from TEDS7.0 except for the 2004 ALTIS showed higher NOx emissions. In addition, the Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) vehicle exhibited less CO2 emissions and less fuel consumption than those of the gasoline sedans. The HC emissions from LPG vehicle were higher when tested in a route of mixed rural and city roadways. The HC emissions from LPG vehicle were lower than that of the gasoline sedan testing at rush hours. It was found feasible to use PEMS to measure the emissions of two motorcycles. To control the quantity of total mobile source emissions, EPA developed total emissions control scheme for the air quality regions by a base year of 2007 emissions and estimated emissions reduction in year 2016 and with the reductions distributed to five western air quality regions. The control strategies are: expedite and expand the retirement program for older vehicles; promote the market share of the low emission vehicles (i.e. electric cars); continue enforcing stricter emission standards for new vehicles and fuel oil standards; join the efforts of transportation agency for better traffic control measures; and enforce the pollution controls for diesel vehicles; etc. Three areas: MRT urban area, non-MRT urban area, and non-urban area, were established for the main frame control strategies. The short-term, mid-term, and long-term goals for these areas can be achieved by control vehicle emissions and improve transportation. The project titled “Year 2010 County/City Mobile Source Management Review” includes the review of seasonal audits of vehicles, on-site verification and a score report for the amount of the control actions implemented by county/city. The policies of the sanctions against squid vehicles (motor vehicles that generate excessive amounts of visible exhaust emissions) and the enforcement of the 2-stroke engine scooter retirement were supported by the public as evident through the surveys. Mainly, the residents were informed from the multi-media advertisement for reporting squid vehicles and the rewards. The enforcement of the retirement of the 2-stroke engine scooters was effective which was carried out by the motorcycle shops. Motorcycle inspection stations and a quality control program for cantonal dynamometer testing facilities were recommended. Since the control of diesel source was effective, testing diesel fuels showed very high rate of passing, therefore, it is recommended to remove the testing requirement. In 2010, 22 cantonal dynamometer testing facilities were audited and 2 stations were graded as class C. For class C stations, they were behind construction schedule, lack of well-trained operators, and producing erroneous records. Through this project, the identification software system was improved and a third party verification system is recommended to ensure the quality of the films, thermocouple and pressure gauge. Furthermore, an inspection/maintenance program and converting the testing facilities into maintenance and services were recommended.

Mobile Source, Management of Transportation, Emission Reduction